📍 Ahmedabad, Gujarat
🏭 30+ Years Experience
🌍 Exports to 25+ Countries
✅ DSCSA / FMD Serialization
🏆 350+ Installations

Premium Vial Labeling Machine in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Trusted supplier and exporter of wrap-around, front-and-back, and high-speed rotary vial labeling machines with DSCSA / FMD serialization for parenteral, vaccine, biologics, lyophilized, and CDMO manufacturers. SS 316L construction with HEPA-filtered ISO 7 background, 100% vision verification, and recipe-driven changeover. 21 CFR Part 11 ready controls.

30+

Years in Business

350+

Pharma Installations

25+

Export Countries

4.8★

Customer Rating (131 reviews)

5000+

Sq. Ft. Mfg. Facility

ISO

9001:2015 Certified

Vial Labeling Machine — Supplier & Exporter in India

Pharma Machinery India is a leading vial labeling machine supplier in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, with a state-of-the-art SS fabrication facility, in-house design team, and 30+ years of experience building packaging equipment for sterile pharmaceutical manufacturing. We are also a long-standing vial labeling machine exporter in India — our labelers run in 25+ countries including the USA, UK, Germany, Brazil, Mexico, the Middle East, Africa, and South-East Asia.

Our vial labeling machine range covers wrap-around labelers (single self-adhesive label around the vial body, the standard for parenterals), front-and-back labelers (two separate labels for split or bilingual packaging), and high-speed rotary labelers with integrated 2D Data Matrix serialization (DSCSA, FMD, NMPA, ANVISA compliance). Every labeler is fabricated from SS 316L stainless steel with Ra ≤ 0.8 µm contact surface finish, engineered to meet cGMP, WHO-GMP, USFDA, and EU GMP Annex 1 (2022) design standards.

Our labelers are designed for direct integration with vial inspection conveyor booths, with matched conveyor speed, pitch, and entry/exit height to eliminate any operator handling between inspect and label. Whether you run a vaccine plant in Hyderabad, a biologics CDMO in Bangalore, a sterile injectables facility in Ahmedabad, or a generic manufacturer in Cairo, we engineer a vial labeling machine that meets your output, your serialization requirements, and your regulatory environment.

📍 Supply & Export Location: GIDC Industrial Estate, Ahmedabad, Gujarat — India. We supply and export vial labeling machines pan-India and to 25+ countries with on-site installation, commissioning, IQ/OQ/PQ validation, and operator training.

What is a Vial Labeling Machine?

A vial labeling machine applies self-adhesive paper or film labels to parenteral glass vials, typically carrying the product name, strength, lot number, expiry date, manufacturer, and (under modern serialization regulations) a unique 2D Data Matrix code. It is the second-to-last step on the parenteral line, after the inspection booth and before secondary packaging. Three configurations dominate pharmaceutical production:

  • Wrap-Around Type — single self-adhesive label wrapped around the vial body, the standard for parenteral vials. Up to 200 VPM. Used in commercial parenteral manufacturing.
  • Front-and-Back Type — two separate labels applied to the front and back of the vial, used when product and regulatory information must be split. Up to 150 VPM. Used in clinical and niche production.
  • High-Speed Rotary Type — multi-head rotary for very high-volume production (200–600 VPM) with integrated 2D Data Matrix serialization, batch coding, and 100% vision verification. Used for DSCSA and FMD compliance.

All three configurations are built from SS 316L stainless steel with HEPA-filtered ISO 7 / Grade C background, recipe-driven changeover, 21 CFR Part 11-ready control, and full IQ/OQ documentation for WHO-GMP, EU GMP Annex 1, DSCSA, FMD, and USFDA injectable facilities.

Types of Vial Labeling Machines We Supply

As a full-line vial labeling machine supplier in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, we engineer three primary machine types to cover every label content, throughput, and serialization environment. Click any card below to view detailed specifications, photos, and validation support for that model.

Wrap-Around Vial Labeling Machine

Standard for Parenterals. Single self-adhesive label wrapped around the vial body with integrated batch coding and optional 2D Data Matrix serialization. Output 60–200 VPM. Best for commercial parenteral and vaccine manufacturing at standard speed.

View Wrap-Around Models →

Front-and-Back Vial Labeling Machine

For Split or Bilingual Labels. Two separate labels applied to the front and back of the vial in a single pass. Output 40–150 VPM. Best for products requiring split or bilingual labels (e.g., English/Arabic for Saudi SFDA).

View Front-and-Back Models →

High-Speed Rotary Vial Labeling Machine with Serialization

For DSCSA / FMD Compliance. Multi-head rotary for very high-volume production (200–600 VPM) with integrated 2D Data Matrix serialization, batch coding, and 100% vision verification. EPCIS / track-and-trace database upload. Best for very high-volume commercial production with full serialization.

View High-Speed Models →

Wrap-Around vs Front-and-Back vs High-Speed Rotary: Which Labeler Do You Need?

The choice between wrap-around, front-and-back and high-speed rotary vial labelling machines depends on label content, required throughput and pharmaceutical serialization requirements. The table below is an honest, side-by-side comparison.

Parameter Wrap-Around Front-and-Back High-Speed Rotary
Mode In-line operation with start-stop or continuous vial movement In-line operation using twin labelling heads installed in series Multi-head rotary labelling operation
Throughput 60–200 vials/minute 40–150 vials/minute 200–600 vials/minute
Labels per Vial 1 wrap-around label 2 separate labels for front-and-back application 1 wrap-around label with on-demand printing
Batch Coding Yes, using thermal-inkjet or laser coding Yes, using thermal-inkjet or laser coding Yes, using thermal-transfer on-demand printing
Serialization Optional serialization module Optional serialization module Standard built-in serialization system
Track-and-Trace Integration Optional integration Optional integration Standard EPCIS data-upload integration
DSCSA / FMD Compliance Supported with an optional serialization module Supported with an optional serialization module Built-in support for serialization compliance workflows
Capital Cost (USD) $25K–$70K $35K–$90K $100K–$300K
Best For Commercial parenteral production lines requiring one continuous label Products requiring separate front-and-back labels, including bilingual packaging High-volume commercial production with integrated serialization
Footprint Approximately 2–2.8 metres of production-line length Approximately 2.4–3.2 metres of production-line length Approximately 3.5–5.5 metres of production-line length
Validation Burden Moderate: label-position accuracy and batch-code verification Moderate: front-and-back label positioning and batch-code verification High: label positioning, batch coding, 2D-code verification and EPCIS integration
Operator Skill Low, with recipe-driven PLC and HMI operation Low, with recipe-driven PLC and HMI operation Moderate, requiring recipe management and EPCIS database-interface knowledge

Rule of Thumb: For most commercial parenteral production lines, a wrap-around labeller is the standard choice. For products requiring separate front-and-back labels, such as bilingual packaging, a front-and-back labeller is required. For very high-volume production with integrated serialization and track-and-trace compliance, a high-speed rotary labeller provides the required throughput and data-management capability.

Pharmaceutical Serialization: DSCSA, FMD, and Beyond

Pharmaceutical serialization is the assignment of a unique serial number to each saleable unit of a prescription drug, encoded in a 2D Data Matrix barcode and tracked in a centralized database. It is mandatory in many countries:

  • US — DSCSA (Drug Supply Chain Security Act): effective since 2018 for manufacturers, with full track-and-trace by 2023. Each saleable unit (vial, bottle, carton) must carry a 2D Data Matrix with GTIN, lot, expiry, and serial number. Data is exchanged via EPCIS 1.2 between trading partners.
  • EU — Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD): effective since February 2019. Each saleable unit must carry a 2D Data Matrix with GTIN (NTIN/PPN), lot, expiry, and serial number. Data is uploaded to the European Medicines Verification System (EMVS) via the manufacturer’s national system.
  • India — DGFT / DAVA: export-oriented drugs require 2D Data Matrix with GTIN, batch, expiry, and serial. Domestic market serialization is being rolled out in phases from 2023.
  • China — NMPA: full serialization since 2021, with GTIN, batch, expiry, serial, and a regulatory code. Data uploaded to the NMPA platform.
  • Brazil — ANVISA: serialization since 2022 with GTIN, batch, expiry, serial, and ANVISA-specific code.
  • Saudi Arabia — SFDA: serialization required for imported drugs since 2018 and for locally manufactured drugs since 2019.

A modern high-speed rotary vial labeler with integrated serialization handles all of these requirements: on-demand printing of the 2D Data Matrix, vision verification, EPCIS / track-and-trace database upload, and full 21 CFR Part 11 audit trail. The capital cost is higher than a non-serialized labeler, but the operational benefits (regulatory compliance, anti-counterfeiting, recall traceability) are substantial.

Vial Labeling Machine — Technical Specifications

The tables below summarize the standard specifications across our vial labeling machine range. As a vial labeling machine supplier in India, we customize label size, throughput, and serialization scope to meet your exact requirements.

Wrap-Around Labeling Machine

Parameter Specification
Throughput 60–200 vials/minute, depending on vial format and label size
Vial Size Range 2 ml–100 ml tubular glass vials conforming to ISO 8362-1
Vial Diameter 14 mm–52 mm
Vial Height 30 mm–115 mm
Label Type Self-adhesive paper or film wrap-around labels
Label Width 30–100 mm
Label Length 30–150 mm
Label Roll Diameter Up to 400 mm
Label Position Accuracy ±0.5 mm height, ±0.5 mm centring and ±1° rotation
Batch Coding Thermal-inkjet or laser coding for lot number, expiry date and manufacturing date
Serialization (Optional) Thermal-transfer or laser printing of 2D Data Matrix codes in accordance with ISO/IEC 15415
Vision Verification 1–2 cameras per station with barcode verification grade ≥ C in accordance with ISO/IEC 15416
Reject Station Automatic pneumatic diverter for transferring rejected vials into a separate reject bin
Contact Parts SS316L stainless steel with a surface finish of Ra ≤ 0.8 µm
Power Supply 230 V / 415 V AC, single-phase or 3-phase, 50–60 Hz
Power Consumption 1.5–3.0 kW
Compressed Air 5–7 bar oil-free compressed air, 50–150 litres/minute
Noise Level ≤ 72 dB(A)
Machine Footprint 2,000–2,800 mm L × 900–1,200 mm W × 1,600–1,900 mm H
Machine Weight 600–1,200 kg

Front-and-Back Labeling Machine

Parameter Specification
Throughput 40–150 vials/minute, depending on vial format and label size
Vial Size Range 2 ml–100 ml tubular glass vials conforming to ISO 8362-1
Vial Diameter 14 mm–52 mm
Vial Height 30 mm–115 mm
Label Type Self-adhesive paper or film labels for front-and-back application
Label Width (Each) 30–80 mm
Label Length (Each) 30–80 mm
Label Roll Diameter Up to 400 mm for each labelling head
Label Position Accuracy ±0.5 mm height, ±0.5 mm centring and ±1° rotation
Batch Coding Thermal-inkjet or laser coding for lot number, expiry date and manufacturing date
Serialization (Optional) Thermal-transfer or laser printing of 2D Data Matrix codes in accordance with ISO/IEC 15415
Vision Verification 1–2 cameras per station with barcode verification grade ≥ C in accordance with ISO/IEC 15416
Reject Station Automatic pneumatic diverter for transferring rejected vials into a separate reject bin
Contact Parts SS316L stainless steel with a surface finish of Ra ≤ 0.8 µm
Power Supply 230 V / 415 V AC, single-phase or 3-phase, 50–60 Hz
Power Consumption 1.5–3.5 kW
Compressed Air 5–7 bar oil-free compressed air, 50–200 litres/minute
Noise Level ≤ 72 dB(A)
Machine Footprint 2,400–3,200 mm L × 900–1,200 mm W × 1,600–1,900 mm H
Machine Weight 800–1,500 kg

High-Speed Rotary with Serialization

Parameter Specification
Throughput 200–600 vials/minute, depending on vial format and label size
Vial Size Range 2 ml–100 ml tubular glass vials conforming to ISO 8362-1
Vial Diameter 14 mm–52 mm
Vial Height 30 mm–115 mm
Label Type Self-adhesive paper or film wrap-around labels
Label Width 30–100 mm
Label Length 30–150 mm
Label Heads 4–8 labelling heads with rotary-index operation
Batch Coding Thermal-transfer on-demand printing for lot number, expiry date and manufacturing date
Serialization 2D Data Matrix coding in accordance with ISO/IEC 15415, including GTIN, lot number and unique serial number
Laser Marking (Optional) Fibre or CO₂ laser for permanent coding directly on the vial glass or cap
Vision Verification 4–8 cameras with barcode verification grade ≥ C in accordance with ISO/IEC 15416
Track-and-Trace EPCIS 1.2 data upload supporting GTIN, GLN, lot number, serial number and expiry date
Compliance Supports DSCSA (US), FMD (EU), India DGFT, China NMPA, Brazil ANVISA and Saudi SFDA
Reject Station Fail-safe servo-driven diverter capable of handling up to 600 vials/minute
Contact Parts SS316L stainless steel with a surface finish of Ra ≤ 0.8 µm
Power Supply 415 V AC, 3-phase, 50–60 Hz
Power Consumption 4.0–8.0 kW
Compressed Air 5–7 bar oil-free compressed air, 100–300 litres/minute
Noise Level ≤ 76 dB(A)
Machine Footprint 3,500–5,500 mm L × 1,500–2,000 mm W × 1,800–2,200 mm H
Machine Weight 2,500–5,000 kg

Common Features (Across All Models)

  • SS 316L construction throughout contact path with Ra ≤ 0.8 µm electro-polished surfaces
  • HEPA-filtered ISO 7 / Grade C background per EU GMP Annex 1 (2022)
  • PLC + HMI automation with recipe management (Siemens / Delta / Allen-Bradley)
  • 21 CFR Part 11 ready controls for regulated markets (electronic records & signatures)
  • Vision verification with barcode grade ≥ C per ISO/IEC 15415 / 15416
  • Automatic reject station for out-of-spec vials (missing label, misaligned label, unreadable code)
  • Recipe-driven format changeover in 5–15 minutes between vial sizes
  • CE-marked electricals, IP55 enclosures, and safety interlocks
  • IQ / OQ / PQ validation documentation supplied (DQ, IQ, OQ, MTCs, FAT, SAT)
  • Direct conveyor integration with vial inspection conveyor booth and cartoner

Labeling Validation: A 5-Step How-To

Labeling validation is governed by 21 CFR 211.1301, DSCSA, FMD, and the relevant track-and-trace regulations. The following sequence is a practical, audit-tested approach used by our customers’ QA teams.

1

URS & Worst-Case Format

Document the vial formats, the label sizes, the batch-coding fields (lot, expiry, manufacturing date), the serialization requirements (2D Data Matrix, GTIN, serial number), the target throughput, and the air cleanliness (ISO 7 / Grade C). Lock these in a User Requirements Specification (URS) before ordering.

2

IQ & OQ on Installed Machine

Run the IQ checklist (utilities, instrumentation, materials of construction, calibration) followed by OQ tests (no-vial dry cycle, alarm verification, sensor calibration, interlock function, label dispense head function, vision system function, print-and-apply function for serialized codes). Document deviations and resolutions.

3

Label Application Qualification

Label 100 consecutive vials and inspect for label position (height, centring, rotation within ± 0.5 mm and ± 1°), adhesion (peel strength per ASTM D3330, no lifting after 24-hour dwell), barcode readability (per ISO/IEC 15415 / 15416 for 2D codes, grade C or better), and absence of wrinkles or skew.

4

Serialization & EPCIS Verification

For serialized lines: verify each serial number against the track-and-trace database, confirm no duplicate serial numbers within the batch, document the vision system rejection rate (typically < 0.1%), and confirm the upload to the manufacturer’s EPCIS / track-and-trace system is successful for every vial.

5

Performance Qualification (PQ)

Execute three consecutive production-scale batches. Verify label application quality per batch, batch-coding accuracy, serialization compliance (if applicable), and 21 CFR Part 11 audit trail completeness. Issue the final validation report signed by QA, engineering, and production. Estimated timeline: 3–4 weeks from IQ start to final report. Estimated cost: $8,000 – $15,000 in QA and IT fees for a single vial format.

USP, EP, Annex 1, and Track-and-Trace Compliance

Every machine is engineered and documented against the following standards:

  • 21 CFR 211.1301 — Labeling (US)
  • 21 CFR Part 11 — Electronic Records and Signatures
  • USP <1> — Injections (general)
  • USP <659> — Packaging and Storage Requirements
  • USP <1079> — Good Storage and Distribution Practices
  • EU GMP Annex 1 (2022) — Manufacture of Sterile Medicinal Products
  • DSCSA (US) — Drug Supply Chain Security Act
  • FMD (EU) — Falsified Medicines Directive (2011/62/EU) and Delegated Regulation 2016/161
  • ISO/IEC 15415 — 2D Barcode Print Quality
  • ISO/IEC 15416 — Linear Barcode Print Quality
  • ISO/IEC 16022 — Data Matrix Symbology
  • GS1 GTIN, GLN, SSCC — Global Trade Item Number standards
  • EPCIS 1.2 — EPC Information Services standard
  • WHO TRS 986 Annex 2 — WHO GMP for Pharmaceutical Products
  • ISO 9001:2015 — Quality Management
  • CE Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC

Inline Integration with Inspection and Packaging

A vial labeling machine is the second-to-last step on a parenteral injectable line:

  • Upstream: Vial unscrambler → rotary gripper washer → depyrogenation tunnel → cooling conveyor → automatic vial filling and rubber stoppering machine → vial cap sealing machine → vial inspection conveyor booth
  • Labeler: Vial labeling machine (wrap-around / front-and-back / high-speed rotary with serialization)
  • Downstream: Secondary packaging (cartoning, leaflet insertion, case packing) → palletizing

Our labelers are designed for direct feed from our inspection booths, with matched conveyor speed, pitch, and entry/exit height. The exit feeds the cartoner with no operator handling between label and carton.

Why Choose Us as Your Vial Labeling Machine Supplier in India?

There are many vial labeling machine suppliers in India — but few combine 30+ years of sterile pharma engineering, in-house SS 316L fabrication, full validation documentation, and global export experience. Here is what makes Pharma Machinery India the preferred vial labeling machine supplier in Ahmedabad, Gujarat:

  • 30+ years of experience in pharmaceutical sterile manufacturing equipment
  • 350+ vial processing machines installed across India and abroad
  • Exports to 25+ countries including USA, UK, Germany, Brazil, Mexico, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Kenya, Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia
  • In-house SS 316L fabrication facility in Ahmedabad GIDC with CNC, TIG, and electro-polishing (Ra ≤ 0.8 µm)
  • GMP / cGMP / WHO-GMP / USFDA / EU-GMP Annex 1 (2022) compliant designs
  • SS 316L contact parts throughout with electro-polished surfaces
  • PLC + HMI automation (Siemens, Delta, Allen-Bradley) with 21 CFR Part 11 option
  • DSCSA / FMD / NMPA / ANVISA / SFDA serialization-ready with EPCIS upload
  • Complete validation documentation — DQ, IQ, OQ, MTCs, FAT, SAT, surface roughness reports
  • Recipe-driven format changeover in 5–15 minutes between vial sizes
  • Direct integration with vial inspection conveyor booth and cartoner
  • Installation & commissioning pan-India and abroad with IQ/OQ execution support
  • 1-year comprehensive warranty with lifetime remote support via video call, TeamViewer, and WhatsApp Business
  • Spare parts kits shipped within 24–48 hours globally from regional warehouses

Frequently Asked Questions — Vial Labeling Machine

Below are the most common questions we receive from buyers evaluating vial labeling machine suppliers and exporters in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and India. Have a different question? Send it to us here — we reply within 2 hours.

What is a vial labeling machine used for?

It applies self-adhesive paper or film labels to parenteral glass vials — carrying product name, strength, lot, expiry, manufacturer, and (under modern serialization) a unique 2D Data Matrix code. It is the second-to-last step on the parenteral line, before secondary packaging.

What is the difference between wrap-around, front-and-back, and high-speed rotary vial labelers?

Wrap-around: single label wrapped around the vial body, the standard for parenterals (60–200 VPM). Front-and-back: two separate labels applied to front and back of the vial, used for split or bilingual labels (40–150 VPM). High-speed rotary: multi-head rotary for very high-volume production with integrated 2D Data Matrix serialization (200–600 VPM).

What is pharmaceutical serialization and is it required?

Serialization is the assignment of a unique serial number to each saleable unit, encoded in a 2D Data Matrix barcode and tracked in a centralized database. It is mandatory under DSCSA (US, since 2018), FMD (EU, since 2019), and similar regulations in India, China, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and other countries.

What air cleanliness is required at the labeling point?

ISO 7 / Grade C background per EU GMP Annex 1 (2022) and USFDA aseptic-processing guidance — not ISO 5 / Grade A. The vial is already closed, capped, and inspected by the time it reaches the labeler.

How is a vial labeling machine validated?

Validation covers: IQ/OQ on the installed machine; label application qualification (position, adhesion, barcode readability per ISO/IEC 15415 / 15416); serialization qualification (unique serial numbers, EPCIS upload); and PQ with three production batches.

What vial sizes and label sizes can a vial labeler handle?

Standard labelers handle 2 ml – 100 ml tubular glass vials (14–52 mm diameter, 30–115 mm height). Label dimensions: 30 × 30 mm to 100 × 150 mm for wrap-around; 30 × 30 mm to 80 × 80 mm for front-and-back. Format changeover is recipe-driven in 5–15 minutes.

What utilities does a vial labeling machine require?

230V / 415V AC power, 1–5 kW connected load; 5–7 bar oil-free compressed air; LAN / Ethernet for track-and-trace database connection, 21 CFR Part 11 audit trail, and remote support. No clean steam, WFI, or nitrogen required.

What is the difference between batch coding and serialization?

Batch coding prints lot, expiry, and date — same value for every vial in a batch. Serialization prints a unique serial number on each individual vial, encoded in a 2D Data Matrix. Both are required under modern regulations, and modern labelers handle both.

What is the difference between pressure-sensitive and glue-applied vial labels?

Pressure-sensitive (self-adhesive): pre-printed labels with backing paper, peeled and pressed onto the vial. Standard in pharma. Glue-applied: hot-melt or cold-glue adhesive applied at the dispense station. Rare in pharma because of the cleaning burden and slower speeds.

What throughput can I expect from a vial labeling machine?

Standard configurations cover 60–600 vials/min. Wrap-around: 60–200 VPM. Front-and-back: 40–150 VPM. High-speed rotary: 200–600 VPM with multi-head rotary indexing and integrated serialization.

Do you export vial labeling machines outside India?

Yes. As a vial labeling machine exporter based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, we ship to 25+ countries including USA, UK, Germany, Brazil, Mexico, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Afghanistan, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Vietnam, Philippines, and Indonesia.

What after-sales support do you offer?

We provide 1-year comprehensive warranty, lifetime remote support via video call / TeamViewer / WhatsApp Business, on-site service across India and abroad, AMC options with preventive maintenance and vision system recalibration, and spare parts kits shipped within 24-48 hours globally from regional warehouses. Standard delivery: 8-12 weeks for standard machines, 14-20 weeks for high-speed rotary with serialization. Installation and validation typically add 2-4 weeks on site.

Get a Vial Labeling Machine Quote in 24 Hours

Tell us your vial size, output requirement, and serialization scope. Our Ahmedabad engineering team will send a detailed quotation with specs, lead time, validation plan, and best price within 24 working hours.

Vial Labeling Machine — Service Areas

Primary service area: Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. We also supply and export vial labeling machines to:

India: Ahmedabad • Surat • Vadodara • Rajkot • Bhavnagar • Jamnagar • Gandhinagar • Mehsana • Bharuch • Ankleshwar • Vapi • Mumbai • Pune • Nashik • Aurangabad • Nagpur • Indore • Bhopal • Hyderabad • Bengaluru • Chennai • Visakhapatnam • Vijayawada • Coimbatore • Kochi • Goa • Delhi • Noida • Gurgaon • Faridabad • Lucknow • Kanpur • Chandigarh • Ludhiana • Ambala • Jaipur • Jodhpur • Udaipur • Kolkata • Guwahati • Patna • Ranchi • Bhubaneswar.

International (Exports): USA • UK • Germany • Brazil • Mexico • UAE (Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah) • Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam) • Bangladesh • Sri Lanka • Nepal • Afghanistan • Egypt • Kenya • Nigeria • Ethiopia • South Africa • Tanzania • Uganda • Ghana • Vietnam • Philippines • Indonesia • Myanmar • Malaysia • Thailand.